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We present flame, a pipeline for reducing spectroscopic observations obtainedwith multi-slit near-infrared and optical instruments. Because of its flexibledesign, flame can be easily applied to data obtained with a wide variety ofspectrographs. The flexibility is due to a modular architecture, which allowschanges and customizations to the pipeline, and relegates theinstrument-specific parts to a single module. At the core of the data reductionis the transformation from observed pixel coordinates (x, y) to rectifiedcoordinates (lambda, gamma). This transformation consists in the polynomialfunctions lambda(x,y) and gamma(x,y) that are derived from arc or sky emissionlines and slit edge tracing, respectively. The use of 2D transformations allowsone to wavelength calibrate and rectify the data using just one interpolationstep. Furthermore, the gamma(x,y) transformation includes also the spatialmisalignment between frames, which can be measured from a reference starobserved simultaneously with the science targets. The misalignment can then befully corrected during the rectification, without having to further resamplethe data. Sky subtraction can be performed via nodding and/or modeling of thesky spectrum; the combination of the two methods typically yields the bestresults. We illustrate the pipeline by showing examples of data reduction for anear-infrared instrument (LUCI at the Large Binocular Telescope) and an opticalone (LRIS at the Keck telescope).

Flame: A Flexible Data Reduction Pipeline for Near-Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy