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The Type IIn supernova (SN) 1978K in the nearby galaxy NGC 1313 has remainedbright in multiwavelengths for more than $\sim 25$ yr. The archival data of SN1978K collected with ROSAT, ASCA, XMM-Newton, and Chandra from 1990 to 2006show no significant variation of the soft X-ray emission but a hint of fluxdecrease in hard X-rays. In this work, we perform a detailed analysis usingmore than 15 yr of XMM-Newton observations. Both the 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keVlight-curves decline as $t^{-1}$ from 2000 to 2015. The transition of lightcurve profiles can be explained in a way that the reverse shock was radiativeat an early phase and then became adiabatic at late times. Such a scenario isalso supported by the spectral analysis results. We also found a decrease inthe absorption column density, which indicates the presence of a cool shellduring the radiative phase.

The X-ray Decay of the ultraluminous supernova SN 1978K in NGC 1313