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To investigate star formation and assembly processes of massive galaxies, wepresent here a spatially-resolved stellar populations analysis of a sample of45 elliptical galaxies (Es) selected from the CALIFA survey. We find ratherflat age and [Mg/Fe] radial gradients, weakly dependent on the effectivevelocity dispersion of the galaxy within half-light radius. However, ouranalysis shows that metallicity gradients become steeper with increasing galaxyvelocity dispersion. In addition, we have homogeneously compared the stellarpopulations gradients of our sample of Es to a sample of nearby relic galaxies,i.e., local remnants of the high-z population of red nuggets. This comparisonindicates that, first, the cores of present-day massive galaxies were likelyformed in gas-rich, rapid star formation events at high redshift (z>2). Thisled to radial metallicity variations steeper than observed in the localUniverse, and positive [Mg/Fe] gradients. Second, our analysis also suggeststhat a later sequence of minor dry mergers, populating the outskirts ofearly-type galaxies (ETGs), flattened the pristine [Mg/Fe] and metallicitygradients. Finally, we find a tight age-[Mg/Fe] relation, supporting that theduration of the star formation is the main driver of the [Mg/Fe] enhancement inmassive ETGs. However, the star formation time-scale alone is not able to fullyexplain our [Mg/Fe] measurements. Interestingly, our results match the expectedeffect that a variable stellar initial mass function would have on the [Mg/Fe]ratio.

Timing the formation and assembly of early-type galaxies via spatially resolved stellar populations analysis