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We confirm two new local massive relic galaxies, i.e. untouched survivors ofthe early universe massive population: Mrk1216 and PGC032873. Both show earlyand peaked formation events within very short timescales (<1 Gyr) and thus oldmean mass-weighted ages (~13 Gyr). Their star formation histories remainvirtually unchanged out to several effective radii, even when considering thesteeper IMF values inferred out to ~3 effective radii. Their morphologies,kinematics and density profiles are like those found in the z>2 massivepopulation, setting them apart of the typical z~0 massive early-type galaxies.We find that there seems to exist a "degree of relic" that is related on howfar into the path to become one of these typical z~0 massive galaxies thecompact relic has undergone. This path is partly dictated by the environmentthe galaxy lives in. For galaxies in rich environments, such as the previouslyreported relic galaxy NGC1277, the most extreme properties (e.g. sizes, shortformation timescales, larger super-massive black holes) are expected, whilelower density environments will have galaxies with delayed and/or extended starformations, slightly larger sizes and not that extreme black hole masses. Theconfirmation of 3 relic galaxies up to a distance of 106Mpc implies a lowerlimit in the number density of these red nuggets in the local universe of6x10^{-7} Mpc^{3}, which is within the theoretical expectations.

Two new confirmed massive relic galaxies: red nuggets in the present-day Universe