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The simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations of the RR Lyraevariables in the globular cluster, M3, published in Jurcsik et al. (2017, PaperI) made it possible to perform Baade-Wesselink (BW) analysis of a large sampleof Blazhko stars for the first time. The BW distances of Blazhko stars turnedout to be unreliable, as significantly different distances were obtained forthe stars of the Blazhko sample and also for the same star in differentmodulation phases. Even the results of small modulation-amplitude Blazhko starsmay be doubtful. This result warns that the application of the BW method toBlazhko stars is not trustworthy.  Keeping the distance fixed for each Blazhko star in each modulation phase, asignificant difference between the spectroscopic and the photometric radius($R_{\textrm{sp}}$, $R_{\textrm{ph}}$) variations is detected. The phase andamplitude variations of $R_{\textrm{sp}}$ follow the changes of the light curveduring the Blazhko cycle but the $R_{\textrm{ph}}$ curve seems to be not (oronly marginally) affected by the modulation. The asynchronous behaviour of$R_{\textrm{sp}}$ and $R_{\textrm{ph}}$ supports the interpretation of theBlazhko effect as a depth-dependent phenomenon, as the spectroscopic radiusvariation reflects the radial displacement of the line-forming region high inthe atmosphere, while the photospheric radius variation is derived from theinformation of the observed visual-band light emitted mostly by the lowerphotosphere. The stability of $R_{\textrm{ph}}$ may be interpreted as a strongargument against the non-radial-mode explanation of the Blazhko phenomenon.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The first Baade-Wesselink analysis of Blazhko RR Lyrae stars:  discrepancies between photometrically and spectroscopically determined radius  variations