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Powerful radio galaxies exist as either compact or extended sources, with theextended sources traditionally classified by their radio morphologies asFanaroff--Riley (FR) type I and II sources. FRI/II and compact radio galaxieshave also been classified by their optical spectra into two different types:high excitation (HERG; quasar-mode) and low excitation (LERG; jet-mode). Wepresent a catalogue of visual morphologies for a complete sample of $>$10001.4-GHz-selected extended radio sources from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Westudy the environment and host galaxy properties of FRI/II and compact sources,classified into HERG/LERG types, in order to separate and distinguish thefactors that drive the radio morphological variations from those responsiblefor the spectral properties. Comparing FRI LERGs with FRII LERGs at fixedstellar mass and radio luminosity, we show that FRIs typically reside in richerenvironments and are hosted by smaller galaxies with higher mass surfacedensity; this is consistent with extrinsic effects of jet disruption drivingthe FR dichotomy. Using matched samples of HERGs and LERGs, we show that HERGhost galaxies are more frequently star-forming, with more evidence fordisk-like structure than LERGs, in accordance with currently-favoured models offundamentally different fuelling mechanisms. Comparing FRI/II LERGs withcompact LERGs, we find the primary difference is that compact objects typicallyharbour less massive black holes. This suggests that lower-mass black holes maybe less efficient at launching stable radio jets, or do so for shorter times.Finally, we investigate rarer sub-classes: wide-angle tail, head-tail,FR-hybrid and double-double sources.

The nuclear properties and extended morphologies of powerful radio galaxies: the roles of host galaxy and environment