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Galaxies fall into two clearly distinct types: `blue-sequence' galaxies thatare rapidly forming young stars, and `red-sequence' galaxies in which starformation has almost completely ceased. Most galaxies more massive than$3\times10^{10} M_\odot$ follow the red-sequence while less massive centralgalaxies lie on the blue sequence. We show that these sequences are created bya competition between star formation-driven outflows and gas accretion on tothe supermassive black hole at the galaxy's center. We develop a simpleanalytic model for this interaction. In galaxies less massive than$3\times10^{10} M_\odot$, young stars and supernovae drive a high entropyoutflow that is more buoyant that any diffuse corona. The outflow balances therate of gas inflow, preventing high gas densities building up in the centralregions. More massive galaxies, however, are surrounded by a hot corona. Weargue that above a halo mass of $\sim 10^{12} M_\odot$, the supernova-drivenoutflow is no longer buoyant and star formation is unable to prevent the buildup of gas in the central regions. This triggers a strongly non-linear responsefrom the black hole. Its accretion rate rises rapidly, heating the galaxy'scorona, disrupting the incoming supply of cool gas and starving the galaxy ofthe fuel for star formation. The host galaxy makes a transition to the redsequence, and further growth predominantly occurs through galaxy mergers. Weshow that the analytic model provides a good description of galaxy evolution inthe EAGLE hydrodynamic simulations, and demonstrate that, so long as starformation-driven outflows are present, the transition mass scale is almostindependent of subgrid parameter choice. The transition mass disappearsentirely, however, if star formation driven outflows are absent.

The dark nemesis of galaxy formation: why hot haloes trigger black hole growth and bring star formation to an end