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As telescopes become larger, into the era of ~40 m Extremely LargeTelescopes, the high- resolution vertical profile of the optical turbulencestrength is critical for the validation, optimization and operation of opticalsystems. The velocity of atmospheric optical turbulence is an importantparameter for several applications including astronomical adaptive opticssystems. Here, we compare the vertical profile of the velocity of theatmospheric wind above La Palma by means of a comparison ofStereo-SCIntillation Detection And Ranging (Stereo- SCIDAR) with the GlobalForecast System models and nearby balloon-borne radiosondes. We use these datato validate the automated optical turbulence velocity identification from theStereo-SCIDAR instrument mounted on the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope, La Palma.By comparing these data we infer that the turbulence velocity and the windvelocity are consistent and that the automated turbulence velocityidentification of the Stereo-SCIDAR is precise. The turbulence velocities canbe used to increase the sensitivity of the turbulence strength profiles, asweaker turbulence that may be misinterpreted as noise can be detected with avelocity vector. The turbulence velocities can also be used to increase thealtitude resolution of a detected layer, as the altitude of the velocityvectors can be identified to a greater precision than the native resolution ofthe system. We also show examples of complex velocity structure within aturbulent layer caused by wind shear at the interface of atmospheric zones.

Turbulence velocity profiling for high sensitivity and vertical-resolution atmospheric characterization with Stereo-SCIDAR