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We present a galactic chemical evolution model which adopts updatedprescriptions for all the main processes governing the dust cycle. We follow indetail the evolution of the abundances of several chemical species (C, O, S,Si, Fe and Zn) in the gas and dust of a typical dwarf irregular galaxy. Thedwarf irregular galaxy is assumed to evolve with a low but continuous level ofstar formation and experience galactic winds triggered by supernova explosions.We predict the evolution of the gas to dust ratio in such a galaxy and discusscritically the main processes involving dust, such as dust production by AGBstars and Type II SNe, destruction and accretion (gas condensation in clouds).We then apply our model to Damped Lyman-Alpha systems which are believed to bedwarf irregulars, as witnessed by their abundance patterns. Our mainconclusions are: i) we can reproduce the observed gas to dust ratio in dwarfgalaxies. ii) We find that the process of dust accretion plays a fundamentalrole in the evolution of dust and in certain cases it becomes the dominantprocess in the dust cycle. On the other hand, dust destruction seems to be anegligible process in irregulars. iii) Concerning Damped Lyman-Alpha systems,we show that the observed gas-phase abundances of silicon, normalized tovolatile elements (zinc and sulfur), are in agreement with our model. iv) Theabundances of iron and silicon in DLA systems suggest that the two elementsundergo a different history of dust formation and evolution. Our work castslight on the nature of iron-rich dust: the observed depletion pattern of ironis well reproduced only when an additional source of iron dust is considered.Here we explore the possibility of a contribution from Type Ia SNe as well asan efficient accretion of iron nano-particles.

A new galactic chemical evolution model with dust: results for dwarf irregular galaxies and DLA systems