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The interplay between cosmic gas accretion on to galaxies and galaxy mergersdrives the observed morphological diversity of galaxies. By comparing thestate-of-the-art hydrodynamical cosmological simulations Horizon-AGN andHorizon-noAGN, we unambiguously identify the critical role of active galacticnuclei (AGN) in setting up the correct galaxy morphology for the massive end ofthe population. With AGN feedback, typical kinematic and morpho-metricproperties of galaxy populations as well as the galaxy-halo mass relation arein much better agreement with observations. Only AGN feedback allows massivegalaxies at the centre of groups and clusters to become ellipticals, whilewithout AGN feedback those galaxies reform discs. It is the merger-enhanced AGNactivity that is able to freeze the morphological type of the post-mergerremnant by durably quenching its quiescent star formation. Hence morphology isshown to be driven not only by mass but also by the nature of cosmic accretion:at constant galaxy mass, ellipticals are galaxies that are mainly assembledthrough mergers, while discs are preferentially built from the in situ starformation fed by smooth cosmic gas infall.

The Horizon-AGN simulation: morphological diversity of galaxies promoted by AGN feedback