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We expand our previous study on the relationship between changes in theorientation of the angular momentum vector of dark matter haloes ("spin flips")and changes in their mass (Bett & Frenk 2012), to cover the full range of halomasses in a simulation cube of length 100 $h^{-1}$ Mpc. Since strongdisturbances to a halo (such as might be indicated by a large change in thespin direction) are likely also to disturb the galaxy evolving within, spinflips could be a mechanism for galaxy morphological transformation withoutinvolving major mergers. We find that 35% of haloes have, at some point intheir lifetimes, had a spin flip of at least $45\deg$ that does not coincidewith a major merger. Over 75% of large spin flips coincide with non-majormergers; only a quarter coincide with major mergers. We find a similar picturefor changes to the inner-halo spin orientation, although here there is anincreased likelihood of a flip occurring. Changes in halo angular momentumorientation, and other such measures of halo perturbation, are therefore veryimportant quantities to consider, in addition to halo mergers, when modellingthe formation and evolution of galaxies and confronting such models withobservations.

Spin Flips - II. Evolution of dark matter halo spin orientation, and its correlation with major mergers