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Much of our current understanding of neutral, atomic gas in galaxies comesfrom radio observations of the nearby Universe. Until the next generation ofinstruments allow us to push to much higher redshifts, we must rely mostly upontheoretical models of galaxy formation to provide us with key insights into thelikely cosmic evolution of HI in the Universe, and its links to molecularclouds and star formation. In this work, we present a new set of methods toconvert mock galaxy catalogues into synthetic data cubes containing modelgalaxies with realistic spatial and spectral HI distributions over largecosmological volumes. Such synthetic data products can be used to guideobserving and data handling/analysis strategies for forthcoming HI galaxysurveys. As a demonstration of the potential use of our simulated products weuse them to conduct several mock HI stacking experiments for both low andhigh-redshift galaxy samples. The stacked spectra can be accurately decomposedinto contributions from target and non-target galaxies, revealing in allco-added spectra large fractions of contaminant mass due to source confusion.Our results are consistent with similar estimates extrapolated from z=0observational data. The amount of confused mass in a stacked spectrum growsalmost linearly with the size of the observational beam, suggesting potentialover-estimates of Omega_HI by some recent HI stacking experiments. Oursimulations will allow the study of subtle redshift-dependent effects in futurestacking analyses.

Synthetic data products for future HI galaxy surveys: a tool for characterising source confusion in spectral line stacking experiments