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We compare the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) cluster sample (PSZ1) to theSloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) redMaPPer catalog, finding that all Planckclusters within the redMaPPer mask and within the redshift range probed byredMaPPer are contained in the redMaPPer cluster catalog. These common clustersdefine a tight scaling relation in the richness-SZ mass ($\lambda$--$M_{SZ}$)plane, with an intrinsic scatter in richness of $\sigma_{\lambda|M_{SZ}} =0.266 \pm 0.017$. The corresponding intrinsic scatter in true cluster halo massat fixed richness is $\approx 21\%$. The regularity of this scaling relation isused to identify failures in both the redMaPPer and Planck cluster catalogs. Ofthe 245 galaxy clusters in common, we identify three failures in redMaPPer and36 failures in the PSZ1. Of these, at least 12 are due to clusters whoseoptical counterpart was correctly identified in the PSZ1, but where the quotedredshift for the optical counterpart in the external data base used in the PSZ1was incorrect. The failure rates for redMaPPer and the PSZ1 are $1.2\%$ and$14.7\%$ respectively, or 9.8% in the PSZ1 after subtracting the external database errors. We have further identified 5 PSZ1 sources that suffer fromprojection effects (multiple rich systems along the line-of-sight of the SZdetection) and 17 new high redshift ($z\gtrsim 0.6$) cluster candidates ofvarying degrees of confidence. Should all of the high-redshift clustercandidates identified here be confirmed, we will have tripled the number ofhigh redshift Planck clusters in the SDSS region. Our results highlight thepower of multi-wavelength observations to identify and characterize systematicerrors in galaxy cluster data sets, and clearly establish photometric data bothas a robust cluster finding method, and as an important part of defining cleangalaxy cluster samples.

redMaPPer III: A Detailed Comparison of the Planck 2013 and SDSS DR8 RedMaPPer Cluster Catalogs