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Massive quiescent galaxies have much smaller physical sizes at high redshiftthan today. The strong evolution of galaxy size may be caused by progenitorbias, major and minor mergers, adiabatic expansion, and/or renewed starformation, but it is difficult to test these theories observationally. Herein,we select a sample of 35 massive, compact galaxies ($M_* = 1-3 \times 10^{11}$M$_\odot$, $M_*/R^{1.5} > 10^{10.5}$ M$_\odot$/kpc$^{1.5}$) at $z=2$ in thecosmological hydrodynamical simulation Illustris and trace them forward to$z=0$ to uncover their evolution and identify their descendants. By $z=0$, theoriginal factor of 3 difference in stellar mass spreads to a factor of 20. Thedark matter halo masses similarly spread from a factor of 5 to 40. Thegalaxies' evolutionary paths are diverse: about half acquire an ex-situenvelope and are the core of a more massive descendant, a third surviveundisturbed and gain very little mass, 15% are consumed in a merger with a moremassive galaxy, and a small remainder are thoroughly mixed by major mergers.The galaxies grow in size as well as mass, and only $\sim$10% remain compact by$z=0$. The majority of the size growth is driven by the acquisition of ex-situmass. The most massive galaxies at $z=0$ are the most likely to have compactprogenitors, but this trend possesses significant dispersion which precludes adirect linkage to compact galaxies at $z=2$. The compact galaxies' merger ratesare influenced by their $z=2$ environments, so that isolated or satellitecompact galaxies (which are protected from mergers) are the most likely tosurvive to the present day.

The diverse evolutionary paths of simulated high-z massive, compact galaxies to z=0