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We constrain the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function from 2 < z < 5for galaxies with stellar masses as low as 10^5 Msun by combining starformation histories of Milky Way satellite galaxies derived from deep HubbleSpace Telescope observations with merger trees from the ELVIS suite of N-bodysimulations. This approach extends our understanding more than two orders ofmagnitude lower in stellar mass than is currently possible by direct imaging.We find the faint end slopes of the mass functions to be alpha=-1.42(+0.07/-0.05) at z = 2 and alpha = -1.57^(+0.06/-0.06) at z = 5, and showthe slope only weakly evolves from z = 5 to z = 0. Our findings are in starkcontrast to a number of direct detection studies that suggest slopes as steepas alpha = -1.9 at these epochs. Such a steep slope would result in an order ofmagnitude too many luminous Milky Way satellites in a mass regime that isobservationally complete (Mstar > 2*10^5 Msun at z = 0). The most recentstudies from ZFOURGE and CANDELS also suggest flatter faint end slopes that areconsistent with our results, but with a lower degree of precision. This workillustrates the strong connections between low and high-z observations whenviewed through the lens of LCDM numerical simulations.

Push it to the limit: Local Group constraints on high-redshift stellar mass functions for Mstar > 10^5 Msun