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High-redshift galaxy clusters allow us to examine galaxy formation in extremeenvironments. Here we compile data for 15 $z>1$ galaxy clusters to test thepredictions from a state-of-the-art semi-analytical model of galaxy formation.The model gives a good match to the slope and zero-point of the cluster redsequence. The model is able to match the cluster galaxy luminosity function atfaint and bright magnitudes, but underestimates the number of galaxies aroundthe break in the cluster luminosity function. We find that simply assuming aweaker dust attenuation improves the model predictions for the cluster galaxyluminosity function, but worsens the predictions for the red sequence at brightmagnitudes. Examination of the properties of the bright cluster galaxiessuggests that the default dust attenuation is large due to these galaxieshaving large reservoirs of cold gas as well as small radii. We find thatmatching the luminosity function and colours of high-redshift cluster galaxies,whilst remaining consistent with local observations, poses a challenge forgalaxy formation models.

The abundance and colours of galaxies in high redshift clusters in the cold dark matter cosmology