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We study the sources of biases and systematics in the derivation of galaxyproperties of observational studies, focusing on stellar masses, star formationrates, gas/stellar metallicities, stellar ages and magnitudes/colors. We usehydrodynamical cosmological simulations of galaxy formation, for which the realquantities are known, and apply observational techniques to derive theobservables. We also make an analysis of biases that are relevant for a propercomparison between simulations and observations. For our study, we post-processthe simulation outputs to calculate the galaxies' spectral energy distributions(SEDs) using Stellar Population Synthesis models and also generating thefully-consistent far UV-submillimeter wavelength SEDs with the radiativetransfer code SUNRISE. We compared the direct results of simulations with theobservationally-derived quantities obtained in various ways, and found thatsystematic differences in all studied galaxy properties appear, which arecaused by: (1) purely observational biases, (2) the use ofmass-weighted/luminosity-weighted quantities, with preferential sampling ofmore massive/luminous regions, (3) the different ways to construct the templateof models when a fit to the spectra is performed, and (4) variations due to theuse of different calibrations, most notably in the cases of the gasmetallicities and star formation rates. Our results show that large differencescan appear depending on the technique used to derive galaxy properties.Understanding these differences is of primary importance both for simulators,to allow a better judgement on similarities/differences with observations, andfor observers, to allow a proper interpretation of the data.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

Biases and systematics in the observational derivation of galaxy  properties: comparing different techniques on synthetic observations of  simulated galaxies