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We present HSIM: a dedicated pipeline for simulating observations with theHARMONI integral field spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope.HSIM takes high spectral and spatial resolution input data-cubes, encodingphysical descriptions of astrophysical sources, and generates mock observeddata-cubes. The simulations incorporate detailed models of the sky, telescopeand instrument to produce realistic mock data. Further, we employ a new methodof incorporating the strongly wavelength dependent adaptive optics point spreadfunctions. HSIM provides a step beyond traditional exposure time calculatorsand allows us to both predict the feasibility of a given observing programmewith HARMONI, as well as perform instrument design trade-offs. In this paper weconcentrate on quantitative measures of the feasibility of plannedobservations. We give a detailed description of HSIM and present two studies:estimates of point source sensitivities along with simulations of star-formingemission-line galaxies at $z\sim 2-3$. We show that HARMONI will provideexquisite resolved spectroscopy of these objects on sub-kpc scales, probing andderiving properties of individual star-forming regions.

HSIM: a simulation pipeline for the HARMONI integral field spectrograph on the European ELT