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The metal budgets in some white dwarf (WD) atmospheres reveal thatvolatile-rich circumstellar bodies must both exist in extrasolar systems andsurvive the giant branch phases of stellar evolution. The resulting behaviourof these active asteroids or comets which orbit WDs is not well-understood, butmay be be strongly influenced by sublimation due to stellar radiation. Here wedevelop a model, generally applicable to any extrasolar system with a mainsequence or WD star, that traces sublimation-induced orbital element changes inapproximately km-sized extrasolar minor planets and comets traveling withinhundreds of au. We derive evolution equations on orbital timescales and forarbitrarily steep power-law sublimation dependencies on distance, and place ourmodel in a Solar system context. We also demonstrate the importance of couplingsublimation and general relativity, and the orbital consequences of outgassingin arbitrary directions. We prove that nongravitational accelerations alonecannot result in orbit crossing with the WD disruption radius, but may shrinkor expand the orbit by up to several au after a single pericentre passage,potentially affecting subsequent interactions with remnant debris and planets.Our analysis suggests that extant planets must exist in polluted WD systems.

Sublimation-induced orbital perturbations of extrasolar active asteroids and comets: application to white dwarf systems