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We introduce a force correction term to better model the dynamical friction(DF) experienced by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) as it orbits within itshost galaxy. This new approach accurately follows the orbital decay of a SMBHand drastically improves over commonly used advection methods. The forcecorrection introduced here naturally scales with the force resolution of thesimulation and converges as resolution is increased. In controlled experimentswe show how the orbital decay of the SMBH closely follows analyticalpredictions when particle masses are significantly smaller than that of theSMBH. In a cosmological simulation of the assembly of a small galaxy, we showhow our method allows for realistic black hole orbits. This approach overcomesthe limitations of the advection scheme, where black holes are rapidly andartificially pushed toward the halo center and then forced to merge, regardlessof their orbits. We find that SMBHs from merging dwarf galaxies can spendsignificant time away from the center of the remnant galaxy. Improving themodeling of SMBH orbital decay will help in making robust predictions of thegrowth, detectability, and merger rates of SMBHs, especially at low galaxymasses or at high redshift.

Off the Beaten Path: A New Approach to Realistically Model The Orbital Decay of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxy Formation Simulations