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We use observations and simulation to study the relationship betweenstar-forming galaxies and the intergalactic medium at z~3. The observed galaxysample is based on spectroscopic redshift data from a combination of the VLTLBG Redshift Survey and Keck observations in fields centred on bright z>3 QSOs,whilst the simulation data is taken from GIMIC. In the simulation, we find thatthe dominant peculiar velocities are in the form of large-scale coherentmotions of gas and galaxies. Gravitational infall of galaxies towards oneanother is also seen. At smaller scales, the peculiar velocities in thesimulation over-predict the difference between the simulated real- and z-spacegalaxy correlation functions. Peculiar velocity pairs separated by <1Mpc/h havea smaller dispersion and explain the z-space correlation function better. TheLy{\alpha} auto- and cross-correlation functions in the GIMIC simulation showinfall smaller than implied by previous work. This reduced infall may be due tothe galaxy wide outflows implemented in the simulation. The main challenge incomparing these simulated results with the observed correlation functions comesfrom the presence of velocity errors for the observed LBGs which dominate at~1Mpc/h scales. When these are taken into account, the observed LBG correlationfunction is well matched by a simulated $M_*>10^9M_\odot$ galaxy sample. Thesimulated cross-correlation shows similar neutral gas densities around galaxiesas are seen in the observations. The simulated and observed Ly{\alpha} z-spaceautocorrelation functions agree well with each other. Our overall conclusion isthat gas and galaxy peculiar velocities are towards the low end of expectation.Finally, little direct evidence is seen in either simulation or observationsfor high transmission near galaxies due to feedback. (Abridged)

The VLT LBG Redshift Survey - IV. Gas and galaxies at z ~ 3 in observations and simulations