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We present the results of a detailed investigation of the Galactic supernovaremnant RCW 86 using the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope. RCW 86 is the probableremnant of SN 185 A.D, a supernova that likely exploded inside a wind-blowncavity. We use the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) to deriveprecise temperatures and ionization ages of the plasma, which are an indicationof the interaction history of the remnant with the presumed cavity. We findthat the spectra are well fitted by two non-equilibrium ionization models,which enables us to constrain the properties of the ejecta and interstellarmatter plasma. Furthermore, we performed a principal component analysis on EPICMOS and pn data to find regions with particular spectral properties. We presentevidence that the shocked ejecta, emitting Fe-K and Si line emission, areconfined to a shell of approximately 2 pc width with an oblate spheroidalmorphology. Using detailed hydrodynamical simulations, we show that generaldynamical and emission properties at different portions of the remnant can bewell-reproduced by a type Ia supernova that exploded in a non-sphericallysymmetric wind-blown cavity. We also show that this cavity can be created usinggeneral wind properties for a single degenerate system. Our data andsimulations provide further evidence that RCW 86 is indeed the remnant of SN185, and is the likely result of a type Ia explosion of single degenerateorigin.

The many sides of RCW 86: a type Ia supernova remnant evolving in its progenitor's wind bubble