English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We investigate the weak lensing effects of line-of-sight structures onquadruple images in quasar-galaxy strong lens systems based on N-body andray-tracing simulations that can resolve halos with a mass of 10^5 solar mass.The intervening halos and voids disturb the magnification ratios of lensedimages as well as their relative positions due to lensing. The magnificationratios typically change by O(10%) when the shifts of relative angular positionsof lensed images are constrained to <0.004 arcsec. The constrained amplitudesof projected density perturbations due to line-of-sight structures are O(10^8)solar mass per arcsec^2. These results are consistent with our new analyticalestimate based on the two-point correlation of density fluctuations. Theobserved mid-infrared (MIR) flux ratios for 6 quasar-galaxy lens systems withquadruple images agree well with the numerically estimated values withouttaking into account of subhalos residing in the lensing galaxies. We find thatthe constrained mean amplitudes of projected density perturbations in theline-of-sight are negative, which suggests that the fluxes of lensed images areperturbed mainly by minivoids and minihalos in underdense regions. We derive anew fitting formula for estimating the probability distribution function ofmagnification perturbation. We also find that the mean amplitude ofmagnification perturbation roughly equals the standard deviation regardless ofthe model parameters.

Weak Lensing by Intergalactic Mini-Structures in Quadruple Lens Systems: Simulation and Detection