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This paper presents a technique to search for supermassive black holebinaries (MBHBs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The search is based onthe peculiar properties of merging galaxies that are found in a mock galaxycatalog from the Millennium Simulation. MBHBs are expected to be the maingravitational wave (GW) sources for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs); however, it isstill unclear if the observed GW signal will be produced by a few single MBHBs,or if it will have the properties of a stochastic background. The goal of thiswork is to produce a map of the sky in which each galaxy is assigned aprobability of having suffered a recent merger, and of hosting a MBHB thatcould be detected by PTAs. This constitutes a step forward in the understandingof the expected PTA signal: the skymap can be used to investigate theclustering properties of PTA sources and the spatial distribution of theobservable GW signal power; moreover, galaxies with the highest probabilitiescould be used as inputs in targeted searches for individual GW sources. We alsoinvestigate the distribution of neighboring galaxies around galaxies hostingMBHBs, finding that the most likely detectable PTA sources are located in densegalaxy environments. Different techniques are used in the search, includingBayesian and Machine Learning algorithms, with consistent outputs. Our methodgenerates a list of galaxies classified as MBHB hosts, that can be combinedwith other searches to effectively reduce the number of misclassifications. Thespectral coverage of the SDSS reaches less than a fifth of the sky, and thecatalog becomes severely incomplete at large redshifts; however, this techniquecan be applied in the future to larger catalogs to obtain complete,observationally-based information of the expected GW signal detectable by PTAs.

Targeting supermassive black hole binaries and gravitational wave sources for the pulsar timing array