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We present MUSE observations of ESO137-001, a spiral galaxy infalling towardsthe center of the massive Norma cluster at z~0.0162. During the high-velocityencounter of ESO137-001 with the intracluster medium, a dramatic ram-pressurestripping event gives rise to an extended gaseous tail, traced by our MUSEobservations to >30 kpc from the galaxy center. By studying the H-alpha surfacebrightness and kinematics in tandem with the stellar velocity field, weconclude that ram pressure has completely removed the interstellar medium fromthe outer disk, while the primary tail is still fed by gas from the innerregions. Gravitational interactions do not appear to be a primary mechanism forgas removal. The stripped gas retains the imprint of the disk rotationalvelocity to ~20 kpc downstream, without a significant gradient along the tail,which suggests that ESO137-001 is fast moving along a radial orbit in the planeof the sky. Conversely, beyond ~20 kpc, a greater degree of turbulence is seen,with velocity dispersion up to >100 km/s. For a model-dependent infall velocityof ~3000 km/s, we conclude that the transition from laminar to turbulent flowin the tail occurs on timescales >6.5 Myr. Our work demonstrates the terrificpotential of MUSE for detailed studies of how ram-pressure stripping operateson small scales, providing a deep understanding of how galaxies interact withthe dense plasma of the cluster environment.

MUSE sneaks a peek at extreme ram-pressure stripping events. I. A kinematic study of the archetypal galaxy ESO137-001