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We introduce the Illustris Project, a series of large-scale hydrodynamicalsimulations of galaxy formation. The highest resolution simulation,Illustris-1, covers a volume of $(106.5\,{\rm Mpc})^3$, has a dark massresolution of ${6.26 \times 10^{6}\,{\rm M}_\odot}$, and an initial baryonicmatter mass resolution of ${1.26 \times 10^{6}\,{\rm M}_\odot}$. At $z=0$gravitational forces are softened on scales of $710\,{\rm pc}$, and thesmallest hydrodynamical gas cells have an extent of $48\,{\rm pc}$. We followthe dynamical evolution of $2\times 1820^3$ resolution elements and in additionpassively evolve $1820^3$ Monte Carlo tracer particles reaching a totalparticle count of more than $18$ billion. The galaxy formation model includes:primordial and metal-line cooling with self-shielding corrections, stellarevolution, stellar feedback, gas recycling, chemical enrichment, supermassiveblack hole growth, and feedback from active galactic nuclei. At $z=0$ oursimulation volume contains about $40,000$ well-resolved galaxies covering adiverse range of morphologies and colours including early-type, late-type andirregular galaxies. The simulation reproduces reasonably well the cosmic starformation rate density, the galaxy luminosity function, and baryon conversionefficiency at $z=0$. It also qualitatively captures the impact of galaxyenvironment on the red fractions of galaxies. The internal velocity structureof selected well-resolved disk galaxies obeys the stellar and baryonicTully-Fisher relation together with flat circular velocity curves. In thewell-resolved regime the simulation reproduces the observed mix of early-typeand late-type galaxies. Our model predicts a halo mass dependent impact ofbaryonic effects on the halo mass function and the masses of haloes caused byfeedback from supernova and active galactic nuclei.

Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe