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Out of the handful of asteroids that have been imaged, some havedistributions of blocks that are not easily explained. In this paper, weinvestigate the possibility that seismic shaking leads to the size sorting ofparticles in asteroids. In particular, we focus on the so-called Brazil NutEffect (BNE) that separates large particles from small ones under vibrations.We study the BNE over a wide range of parameters by using the N-body codePKDGRAV, and find that the effect is largely insensitive to the coefficients ofrestitution, but sensitive to friction constants and oscillation speeds.Agreeing with the previous results, we find that convection drives the BNE,where the intruder rises to the top of the particle bed. For the wide-cylindercase, we also observe a "whale" effect, where the intruder follows theconvective current and does not stay at the surface. We show that thenon-dimensional critical conditions for the BNE agree well with previousstudies. We also show that the BNE is scalable for low-gravity environments andthat the rise speed of an intruder is proportional to the square root of thegravitational acceleration. Finally, we apply the critical conditions toobserved asteroids, and find that the critical oscillation speeds arecomparable to the seismic oscillation speeds that are expected fromnon-destructive impacts.

The Brazil-nut effect and its application to asteroids