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The kinetic energy of supernovae (SNe) accompanied by gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)tends to cluster near E52 erg, with 2.E52 erg an upper limit to which nocompelling exceptions are found (assuming a certain degree of asphericity), andit is always significantly larger than the intrinsic energy of the GRBthemselves (corrected for jet collimation). This energy is strikingly similarto the maximum rotational energy of a neutron star rotating with period 1 ms.It is therefore proposed that all GRBs associated with luminous SNe areproduced by magnetars. GRBs that result from black hole formation (collapsars)may not produce luminous SNe. X-ray Flashes (XRFs), which are associated withless energetic SNe, are produced by neutron stars with weaker magnetic field orlower spin.

An upper limit to the energy of gamma-ray bursts indicates that GRB/SNe are powered by magnetars