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We present a quantitative analysis of the largest contiguous maps ofprojected mass density obtained from gravitational lensing shear. We use datafrom the 154 deg2 covered by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey.Our study is the first attempt to quantitatively characterize the scientificvalue of lensing maps, which could serve in the future as a complementaryapproach to the study of the dark universe with gravitational lensing. We showthat mass maps contain unique cosmological information beyond that oftraditional two-points statistical analysis techniques. Using a series ofnumerical simulations, we first show how, reproducing the CFHTLenS observingconditions, gravitational lensing inversion provides a reliable estimate of theprojected matter distribution of large scale structure. We validate ouranalysis by quantifying the robustness of the maps with various statisticalestimators. We then apply the same process to the CFHTLenS data. We find thatthe 2-points correlation function of the projected mass is consistent with thecosmological analysis performed on the shear correlation function discussed inthe CFHTLenS companion papers. The maps also lead to a significant measurementof the third order moment of the projected mass, which is in agreement withanalytic predictions, and to a marginal detection of the fourth order moment.Tests for residual systematics are found to be consistent with zero for thestatistical estimators we used. A new approach for the comparison of thereconstructed mass map to that predicted from the galaxy distribution revealsthe existence of giant voids in the dark matter maps as large as 3 degrees onthe sky. Our analysis shows that lensing mass maps can be used for newtechniques such as peak statistics and the morphological analysis of theprojected dark matter distribution.

CFHTLenS: Mapping the Large Scale Structure with Gravitational Lensing