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The recent discovery by Ibata et al. (2013) of a vast thin disk of satellites(VTDS) around M31 offers a new challenge for the understanding of the LocalGroup properties. This comes in addition to the unexpected proximity of theMagellanic Clouds (MCs) to the Milky Way (MW), and to another vast polarstructure (VPOS), which is almost perpendicular to our Galaxy disk. We findthat the VTDS plane is coinciding with several stellar, tidally-induced streamsin the outskirts of M31, and, that its velocity distribution is consistent withthat of the Giant Stream (GS). This is suggestive of a common physicalmechanism, likely linked to merger tidal interactions, knowing that a similarargument may apply to the VPOS at the MW location. Furthermore, the VTDS ispointing towards the MW, being almost perpendicular to the MW disk, as the VPOSis.  We compare these properties to the modelling of M31 as an ancient, gas-richmajor merger, which has been successfully used to predict the M31 substructuresand the GS origin. We find that without fine tuning, the induced tidal tailsare lying in the VTDS plane, providing a single and common origin for manystellar streams and for the vast stellar structures surrounding both the MW andM31. The model also reproduces quite accurately positions and velocities of theVTDS dSphs. Our conjecture leads to a novel interpretation of the Local Grouppast history, as a gigantic tidal tail due to the M31 ancient merger isexpected to send material towards the MW, including the MCs. Such a linkbetween M31 and the MW is expected to be quite exceptional, though it may be inqualitative agreement with the reported rareness of MW-MCs systems in nearbygalaxies.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The vast thin plane of M31 co-rotating dwarfs: an additional fossil  signature of the M31 merger and of its considerable impact in the whole Local  Group