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This is the first in a series of papers in which we measure accurateweak-lensing masses for 51 of the most X-ray luminous galaxy clusters known atredshifts 0.15<z<0.7, in order to calibrate X-ray and other mass proxies forcosmological cluster experiments. The primary aim is to improve the absolutemass calibration of cluster observables, currently the dominant systematicuncertainty for cluster count experiments. Key elements of this work are therigorous quantification of systematic uncertainties, high-quality datareduction and photometric calibration, and the "blind" nature of the analysisto avoid confirmation bias. Our target clusters are drawn from RASS X-raycatalogs, and provide a versatile calibration sample for many aspects ofcluster cosmology. We have acquired wide-field, high-quality imaging using theSubaru and CFHT telescopes for all 51 clusters, in at least three bands percluster. For a subset of 27 clusters, we have data in at least five bands,allowing accurate photo-z estimates of lensed galaxies. In this paper, wedescribe the cluster sample and observations, and detail the processing of theSuprimeCam data to yield high-quality images suitable for robust weak-lensingshape measurements and precision photometry. For each cluster, we presentwide-field color optical images and maps of the weak-lensing mass distribution,the optical light distribution, and the X-ray emission, providing insights intothe large-scale structure in which the clusters are embedded. We measure theoffsets between X-ray centroids and Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the clusters,finding these to be small in general, with a median of 20kpc. For offsets<100kpc, weak-lensing mass measurements centered on the BCGs agree well withvalues determined relative to the X-ray centroids; miscentering is thereforenot a significant source of systematic uncertainty for our mass measurements.[abridged]

Weighing the Giants - I. Weak-lensing masses for 51 massive galaxy clusters: project overview, data analysis methods and cluster images