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Using an updated population synthesis code initially developed by Hurley etal. we modeled the synthetic X-ray binary (XRB) populations for directcomparison with the universal, featureless X-ray luminosity function (XLF) ofhigh mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in star-forming galaxies. Our main goal is touse the universal XLF to constrain the model parameters, given the currentknowledge of binary evolution. We find that the one-dimensional (1D) Maxwellianvelocity dispersion of the natal kick can be constrained to be of the order of~150km/s, supporting earlier findings that neutron stars (NSs) formed inbinaries seem to receive significantly smaller natal kicks than the velocitiesof Galactic single pulsars would indicate. The super-Eddington accretion factoris further confirmed in the framework of stellar mass black holes (BHs),revealing the true origin of the most of the ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs)may indeed be the high-luminosity extension of ordinary HMXBs which harborstellar-mass BHs rather than exotic intermediate-mass BHs or ones. We presentthe detail properties of the model-predicted present-day HMXBs, which may beinvestigated by future high-resolution X-ray and optical observations ofsources in nearby star-forming galaxies.

Population synthesis on high-mass X-ray binaries: prospects and constraints from the universal X-ray luminosity function