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At z<1 a large fraction of the baryons is thought to reside in diffuse gasthat has been shock-heated to high temperatures (log T=5-6). Absorption by the770.41, 780.32 {\AA} doublet of NeVIII in quasar spectra represents a uniquetool to study this elusive warm-hot phase. We have developed an analytic modelfor the properties of NeVIII absorbers that allows for an inhomogeneous metaldistribution. Our model agrees with the predictions of a simulation from theOWLS project indicating that the average line-of-sight metal-filling fractionwithin the absorbing gas is low (c_L~0.1). Most of the NeVIII in our model isproduced in low-density, collisionally ionized gas (log n=-6 to -4 cm^-3, logT=5-6). Strong NeVIII absorbers (log N(NeVIII)>14), like those recentlydetected by HST/COS, are found to arise in higher density gas (log n>-4, logT=5.75). NeVIII cloudlets harbour only 1 per cent of the cosmic baryon budget.The baryon content of the surrounding gas (which has similar densities andtemperatures as the NeVIII cloudlets) is a factor 1/c_L higher. We concludethat NeVIII absorbers are robust probes of shock-heated diffuse gas, but thatspectra with signal-to-noise ratios S/N>100 would be required to detect thebulk of the baryons in warm-hot gas.

Absorption signatures of warm-hot gas at low redshift: NeVIII