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Detailed observations of the nearest star-forming regions in the Milky Way(MW) provide the ultimate benchmark for studying star formation. The extent towhich the results of these Galaxy-based studies can be extrapolated toextragalactic systems depends on the overlap of the environmental conditionsprobed. In this paper, we compare the properties of clouds and star-formingregions in the MW with those in nearby galaxies and in the high-redshiftUniverse. We find that in terms of their baryonic composition, kinematics, anddensities, the clouds in the solar neighbourhood are similar to those in nearbygalaxies. The clouds and regions in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ, i.e. theinner 250 pc) of the MW are indistinguishable from high-redshift clouds andgalaxies. The presently low star formation rate in the CMZ therefore impliesthat either (1) its gas represents the initial conditions for high-redshiftstarbursts or (2) some yet unidentified process consistently suppresses starformation over >100 Myr time-scales. We conclude that the MW contains largereservoirs of gas with properties directly comparable to most of the knownrange of star formation environments and is therefore an excellent template forstudying star formation across cosmological time-scales.

Comparing molecular gas across cosmic time-scales: the Milky Way as both a typical spiral galaxy and a high-redshift galaxy analogue