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We use the joint measurement of geometry and growth from anisotropic galaxyclustering in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 9 CMASSsample reported by Reid et al. to constrain dark energy properties and possibledeviations from the General Relativity. Assuming GR and taking a prior on thelinear matter power spectrum at high redshift from the cosmic microwavebackground (CMB), anisotropic clustering of the CMASS DR9 galaxies aloneconstrains $\Omega_{\rm m} = 0.308 \pm 0.022$ and $100\Omega_{\rm k} = 5.9 \pm4.8$ for $w = -1$, or $w = -0.91 \pm 0.12$ for $\Omega_k = 0$. When combinedwith the full CMB likelihood, the addition of the anisotropic clusteringmeasurements to the spherically-averaged BAO location increases theconstraining power on dark energy by a factor of 4 in a flat CDM cosmology withconstant dark energy equation of state $w$ (giving $w = -0.87 \pm 0.05$). Thisimpressive gain depends on our measurement of both the growth of structure andAlcock-Paczynski effect, and is not realised when marginalising over theamplitude of redshift space distortions. Combining with both the CMB andSupernovae Type Ia (SNeIa), we find $\Omega_{\rm m} = 0.281 \pm 0.014$ and$1000\Omega_{\rm k}=-9.2\pm5.0$ for $w = -1$, or $w_0 = -1.13 \pm 0.12$ and$w_{\rm a}=0.65 \pm 0.36$ assuming $\Omega_k = 0$. Finally, when a $\Lambda$CDMbackground expansion is assumed, the combination of our estimate of the growthrate with previous growth measurements provides tight constraints on theparameters describing possible deviations from GR giving $\gamma = 0.64 \pm0.05$. For one parameter extensions of the flat $\Lambda$CDM model, we find a$\sim 2\sigma$ preference either for $w > -1$ or slower growth than in GR.However, the data is fully consistent with the concordance model, and theevidence for these additional parameters is weaker than $2\sigma$.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The Clustering of Galaxies in the SDSS-III DR9 Baryon Oscillation  Spectroscopic Survey: Testing Deviations from $\Lambda$ and General  Relativity using anisotropic clustering of galaxies