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We present a detailed study of the QSO-galaxy pair [SDSS J163956.35+112758.7(zq = 0.993) and SDSS J163956.38+112802.1 (zg = 0.079)] based on observationscarried out using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT), the Very LargeBaseline Array (VLBA), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the ESO NewTechnology Telescope (NTT). We show that the interstellar medium of the galaxyprobed by the QSO line of sight has near-solar metallicity (12+log(O/H) =8.47+/-0.25) and dust extinction (E(B-V) 0.83+/-0.11) typical of what isusually seen in translucent clouds. We report the detection of absorption inthe \lambda 6284 diffuse interstellar band (DIB) with a rest equivalent widthof 1.45+/-0.20\AA. Our GMRT spectrum shows a strong 21-cm absorption at theredshift of the galaxy with an integrated optical depth of 15.70+/-0.13 km/s.Follow-up VLBA observations show that the background radio source is resolvedinto three components with a maximum projected separation of 89 pc at theredshift of the galaxy. One of these components is too weak to provide usefulHI 21-cm absorption information. The integrated HI optical depth towards theother two components are higher than that measured in our GMRT spectrum anddiffer by a factor 2. By comparing the GMRT and VLBA spectra we show thepresence of structures in the 21-cm optical depth on parsec scales. We discussthe implications of such structures for the spin-temperature measurements inhigh-z damped Lyman-alpha systems. The analysis presented here suggests thatthis QSO-galaxy pair is an ideal target for studying the DIBs and molecularspecies using future observations in optical and radio wavebands.

Parsec-scale structures and diffuse bands in a translucent interstellar medium at z 0.079