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The hyperfine 21-cm transition of neutral hydrogen from the early Universe($z>5$) is a sensitive probe of the formation and evolution of the firstluminous sources. Using the Fisher matrix formalism we explore the complex anddegenerate high-dimensional parameter space associated with the high-$z$sources of this era and forecast quantitative constraints from a future 21-cmpower spectrum (21-cm PS) detection. This is achieved using MERAXES, a coupledsemi-analytic galaxy formation model and reionisation simulation, applied to an$N$-body halo merger tree with a statistically complete population of allatomically cooled galaxies out to $z\sim20$. Our mock observation assumes a21-cm detection spanning $z \in [5, 24]$ from a 1000 h mock observation withthe forthcoming Square Kilometre Array and is calibrated with respect toultraviolet luminosity functions (UV LFs) at $z\in[5, 10]$, the optical depthof CMB photons to Thompson scattering from Planck, and various constraints onthe IGM neutral fraction at $z > 5$. In this work, we focus on the X-rayluminosity, ionising UV photon escape fraction, star formation and supernovafeedback of the first galaxies. We demonstrate that it is possible to recover 5of the 8 parameters describing these properties with better than $50$ per centprecision using just the 21-cm PS. By combining with UV LFs, we are able toimprove our forecast, with 5 of the 8 parameters constrained to better than 10per cent (and all below 50 per cent).

Fisher matrix forecasts on the astrophysics of galaxies during the epoch of reionisation from the 21-cm power spectra