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The characterization of exoplanet atmospheres has proven to be successfulusing high-resolution spectroscopy. Phase curve observations of hot/ultra-hotJupiters can reveal their compositions and thermal structures, thereby allowingthe detection of molecules and atoms in the planetary atmosphere using thecross-correlation technique. We present pre-eclipse observations of theultra-hot Jupiter, MASCARA-1b, observed with the recently upgraded CRIRES+high-resolution infrared spectrograph at the VLT. We report a detection of $\rmFe$ ($\approx$8.3$\sigma$) in the K-band and confirm previous detections of$\rm CO$ (>15$\sigma$) and $\rm H_2O$ (>10$\sigma$) in the day-side atmosphereof MASCARA-1b. Using a Bayesian inference framework, we retrieve the abundancesof the detected species and constrain planetary orbital velocities, $T$-$P$profiles, and the carbon-to-oxygen ratio ($\rm C/O$). A free retrieval resultsin an elevated $\rm CO$ abundance ($\log_{10}$($\chi_{\rm{{}^{12}CO}}$) =$-2.85^{+0.57}_{-0.69}$), leading to a super-solar $\rm C/O$ ratio. Morerealistically, allowing for vertically-varying chemistry in the atmosphere byincorporating a chemical-equilibrium model results in a $\rm C/O$ of$0.68^{+0.12}_{-0.22}$ and a metallicity of $[\rm M/H] = 0.62^{+0.28}_{-0.55}$,both consistent with solar values. Finally, we also report a slight offset ofthe $\rm Fe$ feature in both K$_{\rm p}$ and v$_{\rm sys}$ that could be asignature of atmospheric dynamics. Due to the 3D structure of exoplanetatmospheres and the exclusion of time/phase dependence in our 1D forwardmodels, further follow-up observations and analysis are required to confirm orrefute this result.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

High-resolution emission spectroscopy retrievals of MASCARA-1b with  CRIRES+: Strong detections of CO, H$_2$O and Fe emission lines and a C$/$O  consistent with solar