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We consider the recently proposed possibility that dark energy (DE) andbaryons may scatter through a pure momentum exchange process, leaving thebackground evolution unaffected. Earlier work has shown that, even forbarn-scale cross-sections, the imprints of this scattering process on linearcosmological observables is too tiny to be observed. We therefore turn ourattention to non-linear scales, and for the first time investigate thesignatures of DE-baryon scattering on the non-linear formation of cosmicstructures, by running a suite of large N-body simulations. The observables weextract include the non-linear matter power spectrum, halo mass function, anddensity and baryon fraction profiles of halos. We find that in the non-linearregime the signatures of DE-baryon scattering are significantly larger thantheir linear counterparts, due to the important role of angular momentum incollapsing structures, and potentially observable. The most promisingobservables in this sense are the baryon density and baryon fraction profilesof halos, which can potentially be constrained by a combination of kineticSunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ), thermal SZ, and weak lensing measurements. Overall, ourresults indicate that future prospects for cosmological and astrophysicaldirect detection of non-gravitational signatures of dark energy are extremelybright.

Cosmological direct detection of dark energy: non-linear structure formation signatures of dark energy scattering with visible matter