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We present a pilot, untargeted extragalactic carbon monoxide (CO)emission-line survey using ALMACAL, a project utilizing ALMA calibration datafor scientific purposes. In 33 deep (Texp > 40 min) ALMACAL fields we reportsix CO emission-line detections above S/N > 4, one-third confirmed by MUSEobservations. With this pilot survey, we probe a cosmologically significantvolume of ~10^5 cMpc^3, widely distributed over many pointings in the southernsky, making the survey largely insusceptible to the effects of cosmic variance.We derive the redshift probability of the CO detections using probabilityfunctions from the Shark semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. By assumingtypical CO excitations for the detections, we put constraints on the cosmicmolecular gas mass density evolution over the redshift range 0 < z < 1.5. Theresults of our pilot survey are consistent with the findings of otheruntargeted emission-line surveys and the theoretical model predictions andcurrently cannot rule out a non-evolving molecular gas mass density. Our studydemonstrates the potential of using ALMA calibrator fields as a multi-sightlineuntargeted CO emission line survey. Applying this approach to the full ALMACALdatabase will provide an accurate, free of cosmic variance, measurement of themolecular luminosity function as a function of redshift.

ALMACAL VIII: A pilot survey for untargeted extragalactic CO emission lines in deep ALMA calibration data