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Hot cores characterized by rich lines of complex organic molecules areconsidered as ideal sites for investigating the physical and chemicalenvironments of massive star formation. We present a search for hot cores byusing typical nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules(C$_2$H$_5$CN, CH$_3$OCHO and CH$_3$OH), based on ALMA Three-millimeterObservations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS). The angular resolutionsand line sensitivities of the ALMA observations are better than 2 arcsec and 10mJy/beam, respectively. A total of 60 hot cores are identified with 45 beingnewly detected, in which the complex organic molecules have high gastemperatures ($>$ 100 K) and small source sizes ($<$ 0.1 pc). So far this isthe largest sample of hot cores observed with similar angular resolution andspectral coverage. The observations have also shown nitrogen and oxygendifferentiation in both line emission and gas distribution in 29 hot cores.Column densities of CH$_3$OH and CH$_3$OCHO increase as rotation temperaturesrise. The column density of CH$_3$OCHO correlates tightly with that ofCH$_3$OH. The pathways for production of different species are discussed. Basedon the spatial position difference between hot cores and UC~H{\sc ii} regions,we conclude that 24 hot cores are externally heated while the other hot coresare internally heated. The observations presented here will potentially helpestablish a hot core template for studying massive star formation andastrochemistry.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming  regions -- VIII. A search for hot cores by using C$_2$H$_5$CN, CH$_3$OCHO and  CH$_3$OH lines