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Using MUSE spectra, we investigate how pre-processing and accretion onto agalaxy cluster affect the integrated stellar population properties of dwarfearly-type galaxies (dEs). We analyze a sample of nine dEs with stellar massesof $\rm \sim 10^9 \, M_\odot$, which were accreted ($\sim$ 2-3 Gyr ago) ontothe Virgo cluster as members of a massive galaxy group. We derive their stellarpopulation properties, namely age, metallicity ([M/H]), and the abundance ratioof $\alpha$ elements ([$\alpha$/Fe]), by fitting observed spectral indices witha robust, iterative procedure, and infer their star formation history (SFH) bymeans of full spectral fitting. We find that these nine dEs are more metal-poor(at the 2-3$\sigma$ level) and significantly more $\alpha$-enhanced than dEs inthe Virgo and Coma clusters with similar stellar mass, cluster-centricdistance, and infall time. Moreover, for six dEs, we find evidence for a recentepisode of star formation during or right after the time of accretion ontoVirgo. We interpret the high [$\alpha$/Fe] of our sample of dEs as the resultof the previous exposure of these galaxies to an environment hostile to starformation, and/or the putative short burst of star formation they underwentafter infall into Virgo. Our results suggest that the stellar populationproperties of low-mass galaxies may be the result of the combined effect ofpre-processing in galaxy groups and environmental processes (such asram-pressure triggering star formation) acting during the early phases ofaccretion onto a cluster.

On the accretion of a new group of galaxies onto Virgo: II. The effect of pre-processing on the stellar population content of dEs