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An essential aspect of cosmic voids is that these underdense regions providecomplementary information about the properties of our Universe. Unlike denseregions, voids are avoided by matter and are less contaminated by baryonicprocesses. The first step to understanding the properties of cosmic voids is tocorrectly infer their mass profiles. In the literature, various techniques havebeen implemented. In this paper, we review them and implement a new techniquethat is based on Doppler lensing. We use a relativistic $N$-body code,\textsc{Gevolution}, to generate cosmological mass perturbations and implementa three-dimensional ray-tracing technique, which follows the evolution of aray-bundles. We focus on the various properties of cosmic voids (e.g. void sizefunction, 2-point correlation function, and the density profile of voids), andcompare the results with their universal trends. We show that when weak-lensingis combined with the Doppler lensing we obtain even tighter constraints thanweak-lensing alone. We also obtain better agreement between density profileswithin central parts of voids inferred from lensing and density profilesinferred from halo tracers. The implication of the result relevant to theongoing and prospective low-redshift spectroscopic surveys is brieflydiscussed.

Ringing the universe with cosmic emptiness: void properties through a combined analysis of stacked weak gravitational and Doppler lensing