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Many Sun-like stars are observed to host close-in super-Earths (SEs) as partof a multi-planetary system. In such a system, the spin of the SE evolves dueto spin-orbit resonances and tidal dissipation. In the absence of tides, theplanet's obliquity can evolve chaotically to large values. However, forclose-in SEs, tidal dissipation is significant and suppresses the chaos,instead driving the spin into various steady states. We find that theattracting steady states of the SE's spin are more numerous than previouslythought, due to the discovery of a new class of "mixed-mode" high-obliquityequilibria. These new equilibria arise due to subharmonic responses of theparametrically-driven planetary spin, an unusual phenomenon that arises innonlinear systems. Many SEs should therefore have significant obliquities, withpotentially large impacts on the physical conditions of their surfaces andatmospheres.

Non-Trivial Oblique Spin Equilibria of Super-Earths in Multi-planetary Systems