English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We present a study designed to measure the average LyC escape fraction($\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle$) of star-forming galaxies at z=3.5. We assemble asample of 148 galaxies from the VANDELS survey at $3.35\leq z_{\rmspec}\leq3.95$, selected to minimize line-of-sight contamination of theirphotometry. For this sample, we use ultra-deep, ground-based, $U-$band imagingand HST $V-$band imaging to robustly measure the distribution of$\mathcal{R_{\rm obs}}$ $=(L_{\rm LyC}/L_{\rm UV})_{\rm obs}$. We then modelthe distribution as a function of $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle$, carefullyaccounting for attenuation by dust, and the IGM (and CGM). A maximum likelihoodfit to the $\mathcal{R_{\rm obs}}$ distribution returns a best-fitting value of$\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle =0.07\pm0.02$, a result confirmed using analternative Bayesian inference technique (both exclude $\langle f_{\rmesc}\rangle=0.0$ at $> 3\sigma$). By splitting our sample in two, we findevidence that $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle$ is positively correlated withLy$\alpha$ equivalent width, with high and low sub-samples returning best fitsof $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle=0.12^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$ and $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle=0.02^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$, respectively. In contrast, we find evidence that$\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle$ is anti-correlated with intrinsic UV luminosityand UV dust attenuation; with low UV luminosity and dust attenuationsub-samples returning best fits in the range $0.10 \leq \langle f_{\rmesc}\rangle \leq 0.22$. We do not find evidence for a clear correlation between$f_{\rm esc}$ and galaxy stellar mass, suggesting it is not a primary indicatorof leakage. Although larger samples are needed to further explore these trends,they suggest that it is entirely plausible that the low dust and metallicitygalaxies found at z > 6 will display the $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle\geq0.1$required to drive reionization.

The VANDELS survey: a measurement of the average Lyman-continuum escape fraction of star-forming galaxies at z=3.5