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Stellar population studies provide unique clues to constrain galaxy formationmodels. So far, detailed studies based on absorption line strengths have mainlyfocused on the optical spectral range although many diagnostic features arepresent in other spectral windows. In particular, the near-infrared (NIR) canprovide a wealth of information about stars, such as evolved giants, that haveless evident optical signatures. Due to significant advances in NIRinstrumentation and extension of spectral libraries and stellar populationsynthesis (SPS) models to this domain, it is now possible to perform in-depthstudies of spectral features in the NIR to a high level of precision. In thepresent work, taking advantage of state-of-the-art SPS models covering the NIRspectral range, we introduce a new set of NIR indices constructed to bemaximally sensitive to the main stellar population parameters, namely age,metallicity and initial mass function (IMF). We fully characterize the newindices against these parameters as well as their sensitivity to individualelemental abundance variations, velocity dispersion broadening, wavelengthshifts, signal-to-noise ratio and flux calibration. We also present, for thefirst time, a method to ensure that the analysis of spectral indices is notaffected by sky contamination, which is a major challenge when dealing with NIRspectroscopy. Moreover, we discuss two main applications: (i) the ability ofsome NIR spectral indices to constrain the shape of the low-mass IMF and (ii)current issues in the analysis of NIR spectral indices for future developmentsof SPS modelling.

Fingerprints of Stellar Populations in the Near-Infrared: An Optimised Set of Spectral Indices in the JHK-Bands