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We examine the prevalence, longevity, and causes of planes of satellite dwarfgalaxies, as observed in the Local Group. We use 14 MilkyWay/Andromeda-(MW/M31) mass host galaxies from the FIRE-2 simulations. Weselect the 14 most massive satellites by stellar mass within 300 kpc of eachhost and correct for incompleteness from the foreground galactic disc whencomparing to the MW. We find that MW-like planes as spatially thin and/orkinematically coherent as observed are uncommon, but they do exist in oursimulations. Spatially thin planes occur in 1-2 per cent of snapshots during$z=0-0.2$, and kinematically coherent planes occur in 5 per cent of snapshots.These planes are generally transient, surviving for less than 500 Myr. However,if we select hosts with an LMC-like satellite near first pericentre, thefraction of snapshots with MW-like planes increases dramatically to 7-16 percent, with lifetimes of 0.7-1 Gyr, likely because of group accretion ofsatellites. We find that M31's satellite distribution is much more common:M31's satellites lie within about 1 sigma of the simulation median for everyplane metric we consider. We find no significant difference in averagesatellite planarity for isolated hosts versus hosts in LG-like pairs. Baryonicand dark matter-only simulations exhibit similar levels of planarity, eventhough baryonic subhaloes are less centrally concentrated within their hosthaloes. We conclude that planes of satellites are not a strong challenge toLCDM cosmology.

Planes of satellites around Milky Way/M31-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations and comparisons with the Local Group