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We introduce the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) rapid-response modeby presenting the first successful trigger on the short-duration gamma-rayburst (GRB) 181123B. Early-time radio observations of short GRBs may providevital insights into the radio afterglow properties of Advanced LIGO- andVirgo-detected gravitational wave events, which will in turn inform follow-upstrategies to search for counterparts within their large positionaluncertainties. The ATCA was on target within 12.6 hr post-burst, when thesource had risen above the horizon. While no radio afterglow was detectedduring the 8.3 hr observation, we obtained force-fitted flux densities of $7\pm 12$ and $15 \pm 11~\mu$Jy at 5.5 and 9 GHz, respectively. Afterglowmodelling of GRB 181123B showed that the addition of the ATCA force-fittedradio flux densities to the Swift X-ray Telescope detections provided morestringent constraints on the fraction of thermal energy in the electrons(log$\epsilon_e = -0.75^{+0.39}_{-0.40}$ rather than log$\epsilon_e =-1.13^{+0.82}_{-1.2}$ derived without the inclusion of the ATCA values), whichis consistent with the range of typical $\epsilon_e$ derived from GRB afterglowmodelling. This allowed us to predict that the forward shock may have peaked inthe radio band $\sim10$ days post-burst, producing detectable radio emission$\gtrsim3-4$ days post-burst. Overall, we demonstrate the potential forextremely rapid radio follow-up of transients and the importance of triggeredradio observations for constraining GRB blast wave properties, regardless ofwhether there is a detection, via the inclusion of force-fitted radio fluxdensities in afterglow modelling efforts.

Rapid-response radio observations of short GRB 181123B with the Australia Telescope Compact Array