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$\eta$ Carinae is an extraordinary massive star famous for its 19th centuryGreat Eruption and the surrounding Homunculus nebula ejected in that event. Thecause of this eruption has been the centre of a long-standing mystery. Recentobservations, including light-echo spectra of the eruption, suggest that itmost likely resulted from a stellar merger in an unstable triple system. Herewe present a detailed set of theoretical calculations for this scenario; fromthe dynamics of unstable triple systems and the mass ejection from close binaryencounters, to the mass outflow from the eruption caused by the stellar mergerand the post-merger wind phase. In our model the bipolar post-merger wind isthe primary agent for creating the Homunculus, as it sweeps up externaleruption ejecta into a thin shell. Our simulations reproduce many of the keyaspects of the shape and kinematics of both the Homunculus nebula and itscomplex surrounding structure, providing strong support for themerger-in-a-triple scenario.

Simulating the formation of $\eta$ Carinae's surrounding nebula through unstable triple evolution and stellar merger-induced eruption