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The highly neutral inter-galactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch ofReionization (EoR) is expected to suppress Ly$\alpha$ emission withdamping-wing absorption, causing nearly no Ly$\alpha$ detection fromstar-forming galaxies at $z{\sim}8$. However, spectroscopic observations of the4 brightest galaxies (${\rm H}_{160}{\sim}25$ mag) at these redshifts do revealprominent Ly$\alpha$ line, suggesting locally ionised IGM. In this paper, weexplore the Ly$\alpha$ IGM transmission and environment of bright galaxiesduring the EoR using the Meraxes semi-analytic model. We find brighter galaxiesto be less affected by damping-wing absorption as they are effective ationizing surrounding neutral hydrogen. Specifically, the brightest sources(${\rm H}_{160}{\lesssim}25.5$ mag) lie in the largest ionized regions in oursimulation, and have low attenuation of their Ly$\alpha$ from the IGM (opticaldepth ${<}1$). Fainter galaxies (25.5 mag${<}{\rm H}_{160}{<}27.5$ mag) havetransmission that depends on UV luminosity, leading to a lower incidence ofLy$\alpha$ detection at fainter magnitudes. This luminosity-dependentattenuation explains why Ly$\alpha$ has only been observed in the brightestgalaxies at $z{\sim}8$. Follow-up observations have revealed counterparts inthe vicinity of these confirmed $z{\sim}8$ Ly$\alpha$ emitters. Theenvironments of our modelled analogues agree with these observations in thenumber of nearby galaxies, which is a good indicator of whether Ly$\alpha$ canbe detected among fainter galaxies. At the current observational limit,galaxies with ${\ge}2$--5 neighbours within $2'{\times}2'$ are ${\sim}2$--3times more likely to show Ly$\alpha$ emission. JWST will discover an order ofmagnitude more neighbours, revealing ${\gtrsim}50$ galaxies in the largestionizing bubbles and facilitating direct study of reionization morphology.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation XX. The  Ly$\alpha$ IGM transmission properties and environment of bright galaxies  during the Epoch of Reionization